Uso do Ultrassom na Parada Cardiorrespiratória: Estado da Arte
Ultrassom na Parada Cardíaca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54143/jbmede.v1i2.25Palavras-chave:
Ultrassom, Parada cardíaca, Pronto-Socorro, Diagnóstico, PrognósticoResumo
A parada cardíaca, ou cardiorrespiratória (PCR), súbita corresponde a cerca de metade de todas as mortes de causa cardiovascular e é uma das principais causas de morte de adultos em países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento. O tratamento eficaz da PCR consiste em atendimento imediato, com ressuscitação cardiopulmonar (RCP) de alta qualidade, desfibrilação precoce em ritmos chocáveis, identificação da causa da PCR e cuidados pós-parada. A despeito de diretrizes de RCP constantemente atualizadas e amplamente divulgadas, a mortalidade por PCR ainda é muito elevada e há grande heterogeneidade de causas de PCR e do prognóstico inerente a cada causa. Pacientes em PCR cujo ritmo inicial é não-chocável, geralmente apresentam maior desafio em relação à identificação da causa da PCR. Neste contexto, o ultrassom manuseado pelo socorrista e utilizado como extensão do exame físico durante a RCP está associado a maior rapidez e maior número de diagnósticos específicos e, consequentemente, maior número de tratamentos específicos e potencial melhor prognóstico. O ultrassom também pode ser utilizado para diagnóstico da PCR, assim como para monitorizar a qualidade de RCP, guiar procedimentos e também inferir prognóstico. Na última década, um grande número de publicações científicas embasaram a utilização do ultrassom nas manobras de RCP, com demonstração de, em alguns subgrupos, melhor prognóstico. Atualmente, o ultrassom está incorporado nas unidades de emergência de excelência como recurso fundamental a ser utilizado em diversas situações. O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer informações sobre o estado da arte da utilização do ultrassom na PCR.
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