Solução salina concentrada versus outros tratamentos para baixar a pressão ao redor do cérebro em pessoas com lesão cerebral traumática aguda: uma Revisão Cochrane

Autores/as

  • Han Chen Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chang Sha, China
  • Zhi Song Department of Neurology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Chang Sha, China
  • Jane A Dennis Musculoskeletal Research Unit, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

Palabras clave:

Brain Injuries, Traumatic Brain Injuries, Glasgow Outcome Scale, Intracranial Hypertension, Intracranial Pressure, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Hypertonic Saline Solution

Resumen

Introdução: O aumento da pressão intracraniana está associado a piores desfechos neurológicos e aumento da mortalidade nos pacientes com lesão cerebral traumática aguda. Atualmente, a maioria dos esforços para tratar essas lesões está voltada para o controle da pressão intracraniana. A solução salina hipertônica é uma terapia hiperosmolar usada em pacientes com lesões cerebrais traumáticas para reduzir a pressão intracraniana. Ainda existem dúvidas quanto à efetividade, no curto e longo prazo, do uso de solução salina hipertônica versus outros agentes que diminuem a pressão intracraniana, no tratamento de pacientes com lesões cerebrais traumáticas agudas.

Objetivos: Avaliar a eficácia e a segurança do uso de solução salina hipertônica versus outros agentes redutores da pressão intracraniana no manejo de pacientes com lesões cerebrais traumáticas agudas.

Métodos de busca: Em 11 de dezembro de 2019 fizemos buscas nas seguintes bases eletrônicas: Registro Especializado do Cochrane Injuries, CENTRAL, PubMed, Embase Classic+Embase, ISI Web of Science, Science Citation Index e Conference Proceedings Citation Index‐Science e em plataformas de registro de ensaios clínicos. Também fizemos buscas em quatro grandes bases de dados chinesas, em 19 de setembro de 2018. Complementamos a busca revisando as listas de referências e entramos em contato com autores de ensaios clínicos para identificar estudos adicionais.

Critério de seleção: Procuramos identificar todos os estudos clínicos controlados e randomizados que compararam o uso de solução salina hipertônica versus outros agentes redutores de pressão intracraniana em pessoas com lesões cerebrais traumáticas agudas de qualquer gravidade. Excluímos os estudos cruzados (crossover) porque não permitem a avaliação dos desfechos no longo prazo.

Coleta dos dados e análises: Dois autores de revisão, trabalhando de forma independente, avaliaram os resultados da busca para identificar estudos potencialmente elegíveis e extraíram dados usando um formulário padrão. Os desfechos foram: mortalidade (por todas as causa) ao fim do seguimento, morte ou incapacidade (pela Escala de Desfecho Glasgow), pressão intracraniana não controlada (definida como falha em reduzir a pressão intracraniana para a meta estipulada e/ou necessidade de intervenção adicional), eventos adversos (como fenômenos de rebote), edema pulmonar, e insuficiência renal aguda durante o tratamento.

Principais resultados: Seis ensaios clínicos randomizados, envolvendo dados de 287 pessoas, preencheram os critérios de inclusão. A maioria dos participantes (91%) teve um diagnóstico de lesão cerebral traumática grave. Todos os estudos tinham vários domínios com risco de viés. Não houve cegamento confiável dos médicos. Dois estudos tinham participantes com outros diagnósticos além de lesão cerebral traumática. Um estudo tinha falta de dados de desfechos importantes. Apenas um estudo tinha um protocolo original. Os outros estudos que tinham protocolos haviam feito o registro retrospectivamente.

Pudemos fazer metanálises para o desfecho primário (mortalidade no seguimento final) e ´desfechos ruins´ (de acordo com os critérios convencionais dicotômicos da Escala de Desfecho de Glasgow) com apenas dois estudos. A avaliação dos desfechos no longo prazo foi prejudicada porque dois estudos pararam de colher dados duas horas após administrar uma única dose em bolus do medicamento e, um estudo parou de colher dados a partir da alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI). Apenas três estudos coletaram dados após a alta hospitalar. Um desses estudos não relatou mortalidade e relatou “desfechos ruins”, pelos critérios da Escala de Desfecho de Glasgow de uma forma não convencional. Devido à falta de dados de muitos participantes em um estudo‐chave, tivemos que fazer estimativas usando a técnica de pior e melhor cenário na metanálise, além da estimativa de efeito usando os dados disponíveis. Em nenhum dos cenários se detectou uma diferença clara entre os tratamentos para mortalidade ou desfecho neurológico ruim.

Devido à heterogeneidade no modo de administrar os medicamentos, (incluindo se houve ou não drenagem prévia do líquido cefalorraquidiano‐LCR), aos diferentes tempos de seguimento e formas de relatar alterações na pressão intracraniana, assim como a falta de definição uniforme para “pressão intracraniana não controlada”, não realizamos metanálise para esse desfecho. Apresentamos os resultados desse desfecho de forma narrativa para cada estudo. Os estudos tenderam a relatar que ambos os tratamentos foram efetivos na redução da pressão intracraniana elevada, mas que a solução salina hipertônica teve benefícios adicionais. Os autores dos estudos também declararam que fatores de pré‐tratamento deveriam ser considerados (por exemplo, sódio sérico e hemodinâmica tanto sistêmica quanto cerebral). Nenhum estudo apresentou dados sobre nossos outros desfechos de interesse. Consideramos que a qualidade da evidência para todos os desfechos foi muito baixa, segundo o GRADE. Rebaixamos todas as conclusões por imprecisão (pequeno tamanho amostral), evidência indireta (escolha da forma de medir o desfecho e/ou seleção de participantes sem lesão cerebral traumática) e, em alguns casos, devido ao risco de viés e inconsistência.

Apenas um dos estudos incluídos relatou dados de efeitos adversos: um caso de fenômeno de rebote no grupo de comparação (manitol). Nenhum dos estudos relatou dados sobre edema pulmonar ou insuficiência renal aguda durante o tratamento. No geral, os autores dos estudos não parecem ter procurado coletar de forma rigorosa dados sobre eventos adversos.

Conclusão dos autores: Esta revisão procurou por estudos que compararam o uso de solução salina hipertônica versus qualquer outro agente para redução da pressão intracraniana. Porém, encontramos apenas estudos que testaram manitol ou manitol mais glicerol no grupo controle. Baseado nos poucos dados disponíveis, existe evidência fraca de que, no longo prazo, a solução salina hipertônica não é mais efetiva ou segura do que o manitol no tratamento de pacientes com lesão cerebral traumática aguda. É necessário fazer grandes ensaios clínicos multicêntricos, que sejam registrados prospectivamente, e que sejam descritos conforme recomendado pelas melhores diretrizes de publicação atuais. Os estudos devem investigar questões como o tipo de lesão cerebral traumática sofrida pelos participantes, bem como a concentração e o tempo de administração da solução.

Citas

References to studies included in this review:

Cottenceau 2011 {published data only}

Cottenceau V, Masson F, Mahamid E, Petit L, Shik V, Sztark F, et al. Comparison of effects of equiosmolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline on cerebral blood flow and metabolism in traumatic brain injury. Journal of Neurotrauma 2011;28:2003‐12.

Soustiel JF. Comparison of effects of equiosmolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline [personal communication]. Email to: H Chen 2 March 2015.

Soustiel JF. Comparison of effects of equiosmolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline [personal communication]. Email to: H Chen 6 May 2015.

Francony 2008 {published data only}

Francony G, Fauvage B, Falcon D, Canet C, Dilou H, Lavagne P, et al. Equimolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure. Critical Care Medicine 2008;36:795‐800.

Payen J‐F, Fauvage B, Canet C, Lavagne P, Falcon D. Comparing the effects of mannitol and of hypertonic saline solution on post traumatic intracranial hypertension: a study with direct individual benefit [Effets comparés du mannitol et du sérum salé hypertonique sur l’hypertension intracrânienne post‐traumatique: Etude avec bénéfice individuel direct.]. Unpublished document [sent to H Chen by Dr J‐F Payen May 2002].

Harutjunyan 2005 {published data only}

Harutjunyan L, Holz C, Rieger A, Menzel M, Grond S, Soukup J. Efficiency of 7.2% hypertonic saline hydroxyethyl starch 200/0.5 versus mannitol 15% in the treatment of increased intracranial pressure in neurosurgical patients ‐ a randomized clinical trial [ISRCTN62699180]. Critical Care 2005;9:R530‐40.

Jagannatha 2016 {published data only}

CTRI//04/006829. A comparative study of 3% hypertonic saline and 20% mannitol in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension. Available online (ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=10708&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2710708det%27) (accessed 8 December 2017).

Jagannatha AT. An equiosmolar study on early intracranial physiology and long term outcome in severe traumatic brain injury comparing mannitol and hypertonic saline. Email to: J Dennis 27 December 2017.

Jagannatha AT, Kamath S, Devi I, Rao UGS. The salt versus sugar debate: Urinary sodium losses following hypertonic saline administration curtails its superior osmolar effect in comparison to mannitol in severe traumatic brain injury. Clinical Neurosurgery. 2016; Vol. 63:212.

Jagannatha AT, Sriganesh K, Devi BI, Rao GS. Urinary sodium loss following hypertonic saline administration curtails its superior osmolar effect in comparison to mannitol in severe traumatic brain injury: a secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care 2018;5(3):164‐7.

Jagannatha AT, Sriganesh K, Devi BI, Rao SU. An equiosmolar study on early intracranial physiology and long term outcome in severe traumatic brain injury comparing mannitol and hypertonic saline. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2016;27:68‐73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2015.08.035]

Kumar 2019 {published data only}

Kumar SA, Devi BI, Reddy M, Shukla D. Comparison of equiosmolar dose of hyperosmolar agents in reducing intracranial pressure‐a randomized control study in pediatric traumatic brain injury. Child's Nervous System : ChNS : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery 2019;35(6):999‐1005.

Patil 2019 {published data only}

Patil H, Gupta R. A comparative study of bolus dose of hypertonic saline, mannitol, and mannitol plus glycerol combination in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. World Neurosurgery 2019;125:e221‐8.

References to studies excluded from this review:

Battison 2005 {published data only}

Battison C, Andrews PJ, Graham C, Petty T. Randomized, controlled trial on the effect of a 20% mannitol solution and a 7.5% saline/6% dextran solution on increased intracranial pressure after brain injury. Critical Care Medicine 2005;33:196‐202; discussion 257‐8.

Bourdeaux 2011 {published data only}

Bourdeaux CP, Brown JM. Randomized controlled trial comparing the effect of 8.4% sodium bicarbonate and 5% sodium chloride on raised intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury. Neurocritical Care 2011;15:42‐5.

Du 2017 {published data only}

Du DY, Sun LT, Zhang WS, Li K, Xu C, Li ZF. The clinical efficacy of hypertonic saline in reducing intracranial pressure inpatients with severe traumatic brain injury. Neural Injury and Functional Reconstruction 2017;12:215–17.

Hong 2017 {published data only}

Hong DQ, Wu XX, Hu Y. The change of intracranial pressure and NSE after hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe brain injuries. Modern Doctor of China (Chinese) 2017;55(36):15‐18.

Huang 2014 {published data only}

Huang X, Yang L. Comparison of 20% mannitol and 15% hypertonic saline in doses of similar osmotic burden for treatment of severe traumatic brain injury with intracranial hypertension. Journal of Southern Medical University 2014;34(5):723‐6.

Huang 2015 {published data only}

Huang GR, Guan YJ, Zhen XH. The effects of 7.5% hypertonic saline in the severe traumatic brain injury with hemorrhagic shock. Journal of Bethune Medical Science 2015;13(14):435‐6.

Ichai 2009 {published data only}

Ichai C. Re: Sodium Lactate versus Hypertonic Saline [personal communication]. Email to: H Chen 4 July 2013.

Ichai C, Armando G, Orban J C, Berthier F, Rami L, Samat‐Long C, et al. Sodium lactate versus mannitol in the treatment of intracranial hypertensive episodes in severe traumatic brain‐injured patients. Intensive Care Medicine 2009;35:471‐9.

Jafari 2018 {published data only}

Jafari M, Ala S, Haddadi K, Alipour A, Mojtahedzadeh M, Ehteshami S, et al. Cotreatment with furosemide and hypertonic saline decreases serum neutrophil gelatinase‐associated lipocalin (NGAL) and serum creatinine concentrations in traumatic brain injury: a randomized, single‐blind clinical trial. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR 2018;17(3):1130‐40.

Jiang 2018 {published data only}

Jiang Z, Xu H, Wang M, Li Z, Su X, Li X, et al. Effect of infusion speed of 7.5% hypertonic saline on brain edema in patients with craniocerebral injury: an experimental study. Gene 2018;665:201‐7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.005]

Jin 2018 {published data only}

Jin HH, Jin Y, Mao TM, Chen Y. 3% hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe brain injuries. Zhejiang Journal of Traumatic Surgery (Chinese) 2018;23(4):659‐60.

Li 2018 {published data only}

Li DH, Zhao XZ, Li HL, Zhang XB. Effect of hypertonic saline on intracranial pressure and cerebral edema in patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Journal of Preventive Medicine of Chinese People Liberation Army (Chinese) 2018;36(3):357‐60.

Liang 2013 {published data only}

Liang CY. Comparison of effects of 3% hypertonic saline and 20% mannitol in raised intracranial pressure. Clinical Medicine 2013;33(4):70‐1.

Liu 2018 {published data only}

Liu Q, Yang F. The application of hypertonic saline on the brain injuries. Practical Clinical Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine (Chinese) 2018;18(2):114‐15.

Mei 2016 {published data only}

Mei LK, Wang L, Yu JB. Comparison of effects of hypertonic saline and mannitol in raised intracranial pressure. China Medical Engineering 2016;24(7):126‐7.

NCT01028339 {published data only}

NCT01028339 (Direction Centrale du Service de Santé des Armées). Mannitol vs HS to treat ICHT after severe TBI : comparison on PtiO2 and microdialysis values. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01028339 (accessed 1 December 2017).

NCT01108744 {published data only}

NCT01108744. Double blind study of hypertonic saline vs mannitol in the management of increased intracranial pressure (ICP). clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01108744 (accessed 1 December 2017).

NCT01111682 {published data only}

NCT01111682 (University of Cinncinati / US Dept of Defense). Hypertonic saline vs. mannitol for elevated intercranial pressure. clinicaltrials.gov/show/NCT01111682 (accessed 1 December 2017).

NCT01215019 {published data only}

NCT01215019 (Indiana University). Osmotic therapy for treatment of intracranial hypertension for traumatic brain injury. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01215019 (accessed 1 December 2017).

Ni 2018 {published data only}

Ni XW, Chen F. Comparison of 3% hypertonic saline and 20% mannitol in the treatment of severe brain injuries. Modern Practical Medicine (Chinese) 2018;30(6):739‐41.

Polushin 2009 {published data only}

Polushin LS, Krylov VV, Svistov DV, Belkin AA, Petrikov SS, Shchegolev AV, et al. Correction of intracranial hypertension syndrome using hyperosmolar solutions in patients with severe brain damage (multicenter randomized clinical study). Anesteziologiia I Reanimatologiia 2009;5:4‐8.

Roquilly 2017 {published data only}

Roquilly A, Asehnoune K. Continuous hyperosomolar therapy for traumatic brain‐injured patients (COBI). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT031437512017.

Sakellaridis 2011 {published data only}

Sakellaridis N, Pavlou E, Karatzas S, Chroni D, Vlachos K, Chatzopoulos K, et al. Comparison of mannitol and hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe brain injuries. Clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery 2011;114:545‐8.

Shu 2015 {published data only}

Shu Z, Xu Y, Shen XM, Qiu YF. Comparison of effects of 3% hypertonic saline and mannitol in raised intracranial pressure. Chinese Journal of Hemorheology 2015;1:67‐68, 117.

Upadhyay 2010 {published data only}

Upadhyay P, Tripathi VN, Singh RP, Sachan D. Role of hypertonic saline and mannitol in the management of raised intracranial pressure in children: a randomized comparative study. Journal of Pediatric Neurosciences 2010;5:18‐21.

Wang 2017 {published data only}

Wang HF, Cao HS, Zhang XH, Ge L, Bie L. The effect of hypertonic saline and mannitol on coagulation in moderate traumatic brain injury patients. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017;35:1404‐7.

Yang 2019 {published data only}

Yang X, Chen Y, Li J, Chen L, Ren H, Liu Y, et al. Hypertonic saline maintains coagulofibrinolytic homeostasis following moderate‐to‐severe traumatic brain injury by regulating monocyte phenotype via expression of lncRNAs. Molecular Medicine Reports 2019;19(2):1083‐91.

Zhang 2014 {published data only}

Zhang Y. Comparison of effects of hypertonic saline and mannitol in raised intracranial pressure. Henan Medical Research 2014;23(11):74‐5.

Zhang 2015 {published data only}

Zhang YB. Comparison of effects of 3% hypertonic saline and 20% mannitol in severe traumatic brain injury. Contemporary Medicine 2015;21(1):66‐7.

Zhang 2018 {published data only}

Zhang RJ, Wang XF, Luo WY, Wei YJ, Zhang HB, Chen BB, et al. Comparison of hypertonic saline and mannitol in the treatment of intracranial pressure. Chinese Journal of Neurosurgery (Chinese) 2018;34(6):632.

References to studies awaiting assessment:

Vialet 2003 {published data only}

Vialet R, Albanese J, Thomachot L, Antonini F, Bourgouin A, Alliez B, et al. Isovolume hypertonic solutes (sodium chloride or mannitol) in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension: 2 mL/kg 7.5% saline is more effective than 2 mL/kg 20% mannitol. Critical Care Medicine 2003;31:1683‐7.

References to ongoing studies:

Salt or Sugar 2019 {unpublished data only}

Salt or Sugar (SOS) trial: hyperosmolar in traumatic brain injury. Ongoing study 1 June 2019‐1 December 2023.

Additional references:

Beers 2012

Beers SR, Wisniewski SR, Garcia‐Filion P, Tian Y, Hahner T, Berger RP, et al. Validity of a pediatric version of the Glasgow Outcome Scale‐Extended. Journal of Neurotrauma 2012;29(6):1126‐39. [DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/neu.2011.2272]

Boone 2015

Boone MD, Oren‐Grinberg A, Robinson TM, Chen CC, Kasper EM. Mannitol or hypertonic saline in the setting of traumatic brain injury: what have we learned?. Surgical Neurology International 2015;6:177. [DOI: 10.4103/2152‐7806.170248]

Bratton 2007

Bratton SL, Chestnut RM, Ghajar J, McConnell FH, Harris OA, Hartl R, et al. Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury. VIII. Intracranial pressure thresholds. Journal of Neurotrauma 2007;24:S55‐8.

Burgess 2016

Burgess S, Anu‐Laban RB, Slavik RS, Vu EN, Zed PJ. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials comparing hypertonic sodium solutions and mannitol for traumatic brain injury: implications for emergency department management. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 2016;50(4):291‐300.

CIG 2015

Cochrane Injuries Group. Cochrane Injuries Group Editorial Policy. injuries.cochrane.org/editorial‐policy‐20152015.

Corrigan 2010

Corrigan JD, Selassie AW, Orman JA. The epidemiology of traumatic brain injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation 2010;25(2):72.

CTRI//04/006829 2016

CTRI//04/006829. A comparative study of 3% hypertonic saline and 20% mannitol in the treatment of refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension. Available online (ctri.nic.in/Clinicaltrials/pdf_generate.php?trialid=10708&EncHid=&modid=&compid=%27,%2710708det%27) (accessed 8 December 2017).

Deeks 2019

Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG (editors). Chapter 10: Analysing data and undertaking meta‐analyses. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.0 (updated July 2019). Cochrane, 2019. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.

Greve 2009

Greve MW, Zink BJ. Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine 2009;76(2):97‐104.

Gu 2019

Gu Jiajie, Huang H, Huang Y, Sun H, Xu H. Hypertonic saline or mannitol for treating elevated intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury: a meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials. Neurosurgical Review 2019;42(2):499‐509.

Gunnar 1986

Gunnar WP, Merlotti GJ, Barrett J, Jonasson O. Resuscitation from hemorrhagic shock. Alterations of the intracranial pressure after normal saline, 3% saline and dextran‐40. Annals of Surgery 1986;204:686‐92.

Higgins 2003

Higgins JP, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in metaanalyses. BMJ 2003;327:557‐60.

Higgins 2017

Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA, editors. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JPT, Churchill R, Chandler J, Cumpston MS (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 5.2.0 (updated June 2017), Cochrane, 2017. Available from www.training.cochrane.org/handbook.

Horn 1999

Horn P, Münch E, Vajkoczy P, Herrmann P, Quintel M, Schilling L, et al. Hypertonic saline solution for control of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with exhausted response to mannitol and barbiturates. Neurological Research 1999;21(8):758‐64.

Ichai 2013

Ichai C. Re: Sodium Lactate versus Hypertonic Saline [personal communication]. Email to: H Chen 4 July 2013.

Jagannatha 2017

Jagannatha AT. An equiosmolar study on early intracranial physiology and long term outcome in severe traumatic brain injury comparing mannitol and hypertonic saline[personal communication]. Email to: J Dennis 27 December 2017.

Jennett 1975

Jennett B, Bond M. Assessment of outcome after severe brain damage: a practical scale. Lancet 1975;305(7905):480‐4.

Kamel 2011

Kamel H, Navi BB, Nakagawa K, Hemphill JC, Ko NU. Hypertonic saline versus mannitol for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure: a meta‐analysis of randomized clinical trials. Critical Care Medicine 2011;39(3):554‐9.

Kerwin 2009

Kerwin AJ, Schinco MA, Tepas JJ, Renfro WH, Vitarbo EA, Muehlberger M. Hypertonic saline for the management of elevated intracranial pressure in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a pilot study. Journal of Trauma 2009;67(2):277‐82.

Khanna 2000

Khanna S, Davis D, Peterson B, Fisher B, Tung H, O'Quigley J, et al. Use of hypertonic saline in the treatment of severe refractory posttraumatic intracranial hypertension in paediatric traumatic brain injury. Critical Care Medicine 2000;28(4):1144‐51.

Kochanek 2019

Kochanek PM, Tasker RC, Carney N, Totten AM, Adelson PD, Selden NR, et al. Guidelines for the management of pediatric severe traumatic brain injury: update of the brain trauma foundation guidelines, executive summary. Neurosurgery 2019;84:1169‐78.

Lewandowski‐Belfer 2014

Lewandowski‐Belfer JJ, Patel AV, Darracott RM, Jackson DA, Nordeen JD, Freeman WD. % hypertonic saline for refractory intracranial hypertension. Neurocritical Care 2014;20:436‐42.

Li 2015

LI M, Chen T, Chen SD, Cai J, Hu YH. Comparison of equimolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline for the treatment of elevated intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta‐analysis. Medicine 2015;94(17):e736.

Lu 2005

Lu J, Marmarou A, Choi S, Maas A, Murray G, Steyerberg EW, Impact and Abic Study Group. Mortality from traumatic brain injury. Acta Neurochirurgica. Supplementum 2005;95:281‐5.

Maguigan 2017

Maguigan KL, Dennis BM, Hamblin SE, Guillamondegui OD. Method of hypertonic saline administration: effects on osmolality in traumatic brain injury patients. Journal of Clinical Neuroscience 2017;39:147‐50.

Marko 2012

Marko NF. Hypertonic saline, not mannitol, should be considered gold‐standard medical therapy for intracranial hypertension. Critical Care 2012;16(1):113.

Marshall 1992

Marshall LF, Marshall SB, Klauber MR, Van Berkum Clark M, Eisenberg H, et al. The diagnosis of head injury requires a classification based on computed axialtomography. Journal of Neurotrauma 1992;9(Suppl 1):S287–92.

Miller 1977

Miller JD, Becker DP, Ward JD, Sullivan HG, Adams WE, Rosner MJ. Significance of intracranial hypertension in severe head injury. Journal of Neurosurgery 1977;47(4):503‐16.

Moher 2009

Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta‐analyses: the PRISMA Statement. PLoS Medicine 6;7:e1000097. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed1000097]

Moher 2010

Moher D, Hopewell S, Schulz K, Montori V, Gøtzsche P, Devereaux PJ, et al. CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. International Journal of Surgery 2010;340:28‐55.

Mortazavi 2012

Mortazavi MM, Romeo AK, Deep A, Griessenauer CJ, Shoja MM, Tubbs RS, et al. Hypertonic saline for treating raised intracranial pressure: literature review with meta‐analysis. Journal of Neurosurgery 2012;116(1):210‐21.

Oddo 2009

Oddo M, Levine JM, Frangos S, Carrera E, Maloney‐Wilensky E, Pascual JL, et al. Effect of mannitol and hypertonic saline on cerebral oxygenation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury and refractory intracranial hypertension. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry 2009;80:916‐20.

Oddo 2018

Oddo M, Poole D, Helbok R, Meyfroidt G, Stocchetti N, Bouzat P, et al. Fluid therapy in neurointensive care patients: ESICM consensus and clinical practice recommendations. Intensive Care Medicine 2018;44(4):449‐63.

Payen 2002

Payen J‐F, Fauvage B, Canet C, Lavagne P, Falcon D. Comparing the effects of mannitol and of hypertonic saline solution on post traumatic intracranial hypertension: a study with direct individual benefit [Effets comparés du mannitol et du sérum salé hypertonique sur l’hypertension intracrânienne post‐traumatique: Etude avec bénéfice individuel direct]. Unpublished document [sent to HC by Dr J‐F Payen]2002 (May).

Rangel‐Castillo 2008

Rangel‐Castillo L, Gopinath S, Robertson CS. Management of intracranial hypertension. Neurologic Clinics 2008;26(2):521‐41.

Review Manager 2014 [Computer program]

Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager 5 (RevMan 5). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.

Rickard 2014

Rickard AC, Smith JE, Newell P, Bailey A, Kehoe A, Mann C. Salt or sugar for your injured brain? A meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials of mannitol versus hypertonic sodium solutions to manage raised intracranial pressure in traumatic brain injury. Emergency Medicine Journal 2014;31(8):679‐83.

Roquilly 2011

Roquilly A, Mahe PJ, Latte DD, Loutrel O. Continuous controlled‐infusion of hypertonic saline solution in traumatic brain‐injured patients: a 9‐year retrospective study. Critical Care 2011;15:R260.

Schwimmbeck 2019

Schwimmbeck F, Voellger B, Chappell D, Eberhart L. Hypertonic saline versus mannitol for traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta‐analysis with trial sequential analysis. Journal of Neurosurgical Anesthesiology 2019;Sept 20; epub ahead of print:no pagination.

Soustiel 2015

Soustiel JF. Re: Comparison of effects of equiosmolar doses of mannitol and hypertonic saline [personal communication]. Email to: H Chen 6 May 2015.

Stevens 2012

Stevens RD, Huff JS, Duckworth J, Papangelou A, Weingart SD, Smith, WS. Emergency neurological life support: intracranial hypertension and herniation. Neurocritical Care 2012;17(1):60‐5.

Teasdale 1974

Teasdale G, Jennett B. Assessment of coma and impaired consciousness. A practical scale. Lancet 1974;2(7872):81‐4.

Treggiari 2007

Treggiari MM, Schutz N, Yanez ND, Romand JA. Role of intracranial pressure values and patterns in predicting outcome of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review. Neurocritical Care 2007;6(2):104‐12.

Wakai 2013

Wakai A, McCabe A, Roberts I, Schierhout G. Mannitol for acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 8. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001049.pub5]

Wang 2015

Wang K, Sun M, Jiang H, Cao XP, Zeng J. Mannitol cannot reduce the mortality on acute severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients: a meta‐analyses and systematic review. Burns & Trauma 2015;3(1):8.

Weed 1919

Weed LH, McKibben PS. Experimental alteration of brain bulk. American Journal of Physiology‐Legacy Content 1919;48(4):531‐58.

Worthley 1988

Worthley LI, Cooper DJ, Jones N. Treatment of resistant intracranial hypertension with hypertonic saline: report of two cases. Journal of Neurosurgery 1988;68(3):478‐81.

Ziai 2007

Ziai WC, Toung TJ, Bhardwaj A. Hypertonic saline: first‐line therapy for cerebral edema?. Journal of the Neurological Sciences 2007;261(1‐2):157‐66.

References to other published versions of this review:

Chen 2014

Chen H, Song Z. Hypertonic saline versus other intracranial pressure–lowering agents for people with acute traumatic brain injury. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2014, Issue 2. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD010904]

Publicado

2022-05-11

Cómo citar

Chen, H., Song, Z. ., & Dennis, J. A. . (2022). Solução salina concentrada versus outros tratamentos para baixar a pressão ao redor do cérebro em pessoas com lesão cerebral traumática aguda: uma Revisão Cochrane. JBMEDE - Jornal Brasileiro De Medicina De Emergência, 1(1), e21008. Recuperado a partir de https://jbmede.com.br/index.php/jbme/article/view/23

Número

Sección

Pearls from the Cochrane Library for Emergency Physicians

Categorías

Artículos similares

1 2 3 > >> 

También puede Iniciar una búsqueda de similitud avanzada para este artículo.